Both the "off-cutter" and "slower-balls" were revealed to result in significantly fewer than expected dot balls but significantly greater than expected wickets, implying bowlers must assess for themselves the risk versus reward of these two types of variation. The "away-swinger" resulted in significantly greater than expected dot balls as did the "in-swinger" but only the in-swinger resulted in significantly greater than expected wickets. Specifically, balls that 'seam-away" were revealed to be the most effective for bowling dots and "seam-in" for taking wickets. Seam movement was revealed to be more effective than swing bowling at both producing dot balls and taking wickets. The results of Chi-Squared analyses revealed significant associations between the type of delivery and runs conceded (p < 0.001) as well as wickets taken (p < 0.001). In this study, 13,176 balls bowled by international level fast bowlers were analysed in order to investigate the relationship between the types of delivery and their effectiveness. A grid was used to simulate atmospheric convective micro-turbulence above a cricket pitch on a hot day without cloud cover strong evidence suggested that turbulence inhibits the fragile conditions necessary for laminar flow and prevents swing. Humidity in isolation was shown to have no significant effect on swing, dispelling a long-standing myth in the cricketing community. The surface condition of the ball was demonstrated to have a substantial effect on the amount of swing: conventional swing was most obvious for a new, polished cricket ball and the swing reduced as the ball accumulated wear as would happen as the match progresses reverse swing was seen at high bowling speeds with a worn ball. Using balls worn under match conditions and insight from a professional cricketer, factors affecting swing were tested experimentally in a wind tunnel. In this article, the fluid dynamics of both conventional swing and reverse swing are explained and demonstrated. When angled, this seam is exploited by the skilful bowler to create an asymmetry in the viscous boundary layer and the ball will swing. A cricket ball has an encircling, stitched seam proud from the leather, separating the surface into two distinct hemispheres.
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